Elective surgery refers to a procedure that is scheduled in advance because it is not performed in an emergency situation. Unlike urgent or emergency surgeries, which are necessary to address acutely life-threatening conditions, elective surgeries are planned at times that are convenient for both the patient and the surgeon. This term encompasses a wide range of procedures, from cosmetic surgeries to important but non-emergency operations such as joint replacements or cataract removal.
Elective surgery is defined by its timing rather than its importance. While the word “elective” might imply that the procedure is optional, many elective surgeries are medically necessary. The main distinction is that these surgeries do not need to be performed immediately and can be scheduled at a later date.
Elective surgeries encompass a wide range of procedures, including cosmetic surgeries like rhinoplasty and breast augmentation, orthopedic surgeries such as hip or knee replacements, and weight-loss surgeries like gastric bypass or sleeve gastrectomy. Eye surgeries, including cataract removal or LASIK, are also common elective procedures, as are certain cardiac surgeries like pacemaker installation or heart valve repair, provided the condition is not immediately life-threatening. General surgeries, such as hernia repairs or gallbladder removal, also typically fall under the category of elective operations 1–3.
Elective surgeries can generally be grouped into two categories based on their necessity and urgency. Medically necessary elective surgeries are procedures that, while not immediately required, are needed to improve a patient’s quality of life or to prevent a condition from worsening. For instance, a person with a painful knee joint due to arthritis might not need immediate surgery, but a knee replacement can significantly improve their ability to move and reduce pain. Similarly, surgeries like removing tumors that are non-cancerous but may cause future complications fall into this category. In contrast, optional or cosmetic elective surgeries are not essential for physical health but are chosen by the patient for personal reasons, often to enhance appearance or correct minor issues. Examples include facelifts, liposuction, or reconstructive procedures following trauma. While these surgeries are elective, they may have a significant psychological impact on a patient, improving self-esteem and confidence 4,5.
Elective surgery offers several benefits, particularly for patients dealing with chronic conditions that affect their quality of life. By addressing issues like joint pain, vision impairment, or weight management, elective surgeries can provide significant physical and emotional relief. However, as with any surgical procedure, there are inherent risks. These risks depend on the type of surgery, the patient’s health, and the complexity of the procedure. Potential risks include infection, bleeding, complications from anesthesia, and postoperative recovery issues. Patients must weigh the potential benefits against the risks and discuss all concerns with their healthcare provider. Because elective surgeries are planned, patients have the advantage of time to consider their options, seek second opinions if necessary, and thoroughly research the procedure and potential outcomes 6–9.
References
1. Planned surgery (elective surgery) – Better Health Channel. Available at: https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/planned-surgery-elective-surgery.
2. Types of Surgery — Royal College of Surgeons. Available at: https://www.rcseng.ac.uk/patient-care/having-surgery/types-of-surgery/.
3. Elective Surgery (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth. Available at: https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/elective.html.
4. Elective Surgeries. Available at: https://www.adena.org/health-focus-blog/detail/adena-health-focus/2022/11/01/elective-surgeries.
5. Different Types of Surgery | OakBend Medical Center. Available at: https://oakbendmedcenter.org/different-types-of-surgery/.
6. The Pros and Cons of Elective Surgery: An In-Depth Analysis. Available at: https://www.kirbysurgicalcenter.com/the-pros-and-cons-of-elective-surgery-an-in-depth-analysis.html.
7. Shaydakov, M. E. & Tuma, F. Operative Risk. (2023).
8. Operative Risk – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532240/. (Accessed: 6th October 2024)
9. NHS England » New data demonstrates benefits to patients from a range of elective surgeries. Available at: https://www.england.nhs.uk/2016/08/benefit-to-patients/.