Anemia is a condition that results in low red blood cell count and hemoglobin deficiency, decreasing the blood’s capacity to carry oxygen [1]. The World Health Organization specifies that hemoglobin concentrations of less than 12.0g/dl in non-pregnant women and 13.0g/dl in…

The SARS-CoV-2 VUI 202012/01 variant sits poised to become the dominant coronavirus variant in the U.S. as early as March.1 Scientists first sequenced the variant, also known as B.1.1.7, in the U.K. in September…

Post-operative sore throat (POST) occurs in over half of the patients who undergo general anesthesia with tracheal intubation every year1. While POST is considered a mild post-operative complication with little long-term effect on patient outcome, it does…

In 1992, Medicare established a standardized payment scale called the Resource-based Relative Value Scale (RBRVS). While the system succeeded in standardizing rates, it also led to lower payments for some…

Over the past year, COVID-19’s global spread has continued, leaving no corners of the world untouched. An unprecedented danger, this coronavirus disease has led to more than 1.2 million deaths worldwide and shows no…

Cytokines are a broad class of cell signaling peptides that exist in the extracellular environment and affect the interactions between cells [1]. Several groups of cytokines, including interleukins and tumor necrosis factors, are known to trigger…

The COVID-19 pandemic has given school systems a formidable task: balancing the needs of children and their parents with the imperative to halt the spread of a highly contagious virus. Data…

Blood transfusions (BT), autologous or allogeneic, have been the common therapeutic intervention for treating perioperative anemia and surgical blood loss. In the case of allogeneic blood transfusion, there are a…

In recent years, the use of computers and machines in surgery has gained widespread attention and adoption. Some of the benefits include increased accuracy, decreased duration, and minimized invasiveness. As…