Artificial sweeteners are low- or no-calorie additives often found in sodas and other highly processed foods like yogurt, granola bars, cereal, or microwaveable meals (Bendix, 2022). They are also sold…

Nalbuphine is an intravenous medication that is used for analgesia or as an adjuvant to anesthesia [1]. It is often used as an alternative to opioids, owing to its robust…

The provider-to-patient ratio reflects the number of patients that healthcare providers attend to over the course of an average day. This ratio tends to differ across provider type, whether anesthesiologist,…

The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 was first reported to the World Health Organization (WHO) on November 24, 2021, by a viral surveillance organization from South Africa.1 The earlier subvariants of…

Around the globe, approximately 230 million surgeries involving general anesthesia occur each year (1). General anesthesia provides the analgesia and unconsciousness required for many surgical procedures. Several different agents can…

Propofol is an intravenous drug that is widely used for anesthesia and sedation in surgeries and other interventional procedures [1]. It exerts its sedative effects through interacting with GABAA receptors;…

Aspirin is commonly used to reduce fever and/or relieve mild to moderate pain, such as from headaches, menstrual cramps, arthritis, and muscle aches, similar to other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)….

As yet another wave of COVID-19 infections sweeps the globe, clinicians and researchers have been forced to consider reinfection as a growing area of concern. Studies have shown that reinfection…

During synaptogenesis, the formation of synapses among neurons, in the developing brain, exposure to drugs that antagonize NMDA glutamate receptors or agonize ʏ-amminobutyric acid-ergic (GABA-ergic) transmission, such as many anesthetic…