Around the globe, approximately 230 million surgeries involving general anesthesia occur each year (1). General anesthesia provides the analgesia and unconsciousness required for many surgical procedures. Several different agents can…

Propofol is an intravenous drug that is widely used for anesthesia and sedation in surgeries and other interventional procedures [1]. It exerts its sedative effects through interacting with GABAA receptors;…

Aspirin is commonly used to reduce fever and/or relieve mild to moderate pain, such as from headaches, menstrual cramps, arthritis, and muscle aches, similar to other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)….

As yet another wave of COVID-19 infections sweeps the globe, clinicians and researchers have been forced to consider reinfection as a growing area of concern. Studies have shown that reinfection…

During synaptogenesis, the formation of synapses among neurons, in the developing brain, exposure to drugs that antagonize NMDA glutamate receptors or agonize ʏ-amminobutyric acid-ergic (GABA-ergic) transmission, such as many anesthetic…

Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death from an infectious disease worldwide (excluding COVID-19), infecting about 10 million people every year. The clinical syndrome is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis,…

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are some of the most widely used medications globally, frequently administered to patients experiencing acute, chronic, and inflammatory forms of pain. However, both traditional nonselective NSAIDs,…

            Almost two years into the Covid-19 pandemic, the question still remains: When will the pandemic end? Some believe the answer to this question lies in herd immunity. With a…

Atelectasis occurs when air is not able to fully expand the alveoli of the lungs. 90% of patients undergoing general anesthesia experience atelectasis (Randtke et al, 2015). This is because…