Normal saline (0.9% sodium chloride) has traditionally been considered the standard isotonic solution for fluid resuscitation and maintenance. Yet, substantial evidence indicates that large-volume administration of normal saline can produce…

The reversal of neuromuscular blockade during anesthesia ensures that patients regain safe respiratory function and airway protection following surgery. In the United States, anesthesiologists primarily rely on two drugs for…

Anesthesia management for patients with a history of stem cell transplant poses unique clinical challenges due to the complex interplay of immunosuppression, systemic toxicity, and organ dysfunction that are commonly…

As healthcare policy has evolved, healthcare delivery has become increasingly influenced by administrative procedures such as prior authorization. Although prior authorization was initially implemented to control healthcare costs and guarantee…

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists have transformed the therapeutic landscape for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity. These agents mimic endogenous GLP-1, which enhances glucose-dependent insulin secretion, delays gastric…

Intravenous (IV) access is essential in anesthesia and surgery for rapid and reliable administration of fluids and medications. While upper extremity veins are preferred due to lower complication rates and…

Three-dimensional (3D) printing, also known as additive manufacturing, has significantly impacted the surgical field by enabling the creation of patient-specific models, implants, and instruments that enhance surgical precision and outcomes….

The preparation of a patient’s skin before surgery is a critical step in reducing the risk of surgical site infections (SSIs), which are among the most common postoperative complications. When…

Healthcare disparities in the perioperative period—including the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative phases—are often overlooked, despite their significant impact on patient outcomes. There are many socioeconomic factors impacting surgical access, quality…